စံကား
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05Operators

Grouping and order

Which operator goes first, how word phrases nest, and when to use parentheses.

In ၂ + ၃ * ၄, which comes first, the addition or the multiplication? As in school maths, Zaka does the multiplication first, so the answer is 14. Parentheses change the order: (၂ + ၃) * ၄ is 20.

စံကား

Expected output

၁၄
၂၀

Order of operators

From first to last (tightest to loosest):

  1. -, အနုတ်, ~, ! in front of a value
  2. *, /, %
  3. +, -
  4. <<, >>
  5. &
  6. ^
  7. |
  8. <, >, <=, >=
  9. ==, !=
  10. word phrases (... ၏ ပေါင်းလဒ်, ... ထက် ကြီး, and so on)
  11. မဟုတ် (not)
  12. ဖြစ်၍, && (and)
  13. သို့မဟုတ်, || (or)

Operators on the same line go left to right: ၁၀ - ၃ - ၂ is (၁၀ - ၃) - ၂. The Operator precedence page has the full table.

Word phrases take whole sums

A part of a word phrase can be a whole sum written with signs. In က + ခ နှင့် ဂ ၏ မြှောက်လဒ်, the first part is က + ခ. It reads "the product of (k + kh) and g":

စံကား

Expected output

၂၀

Word phrases inside word phrases

Word phrases can nest. Read from left to right. Each verb takes the parts just before it that hold the particles it needs, and its result joins the sentence:

စံကား

Expected output

၁၄
၂၀

In the first line, မြှောက်လဒ် takes ခ နှင့် and ဂ ၏, the two parts just before it. A ၏ follows its result, so ပေါင်းလဒ် then takes က နှင့် and that result.

Parentheses move a phrase into a sum

A word phrase cannot sit straight inside a sum written with signs. To use one there, put it in parentheses:

စံကားZK0203

Expected error

error[ZK0203]: this statement does not end in a statement verb, found "*"
စံကား

Expected output

၁၀

Parentheses also wrap a logical expression used as a value, as in (က ဖြစ်၍ ခ) ကို ပြသပါ။

Needless parentheses

Parentheses around a whole printed or stored value change nothing. Zaka warns about them, much as an editor flags a double space:

စံကားZK0507

Expected warning

warning[ZK0507]: these parentheses are not needed

Hands on

  • Write (၂ + ၃) * ၄ using words alone.
  • Print ၁၀ - ၃ - ၂ and ၁၀ - (၃ - ၂). Do the two match?

Next: Control flow.