02Zaka sentences
Particles
The small words that mark what each part of a sentence does.
A particle is a short word placed after a part of a sentence to show its role. In English, word order and little words such as "of", "than" and "with" do this job. In Zaka the particles do it.
Expected output
မှန်
မမှန်
၇
၁
The common particles
| Particle | Reads as | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
သည် | (subject) | က သည် ခ ထက် ကြီး | k is greater than kh |
ကို | (object) | က ကို ပြသပါ | show k |
နှင့် | "and", "with" | က နှင့် ခ ၏ ပေါင်းလဒ် | the sum of k and kh |
၏ | "of" | က ၏ ... | closes a list of operands |
ဖြင့် | "with", "using" | က ကို ခ ဖြင့် စားသော စားလဒ် | k ÷ kh |
ထက် | "than" | က သည် ခ ထက် ကြီး | k is greater than kh |
အောက် | "below" | က သည် ခ အောက် ငယ် | k is less than kh |
ဟု | "so" (quoting) | "..." ဟု ပြသပါ | show "..." |
Later chapters introduce a few more, each with the feature that uses it.
Particles after a verb
A verb at the end of a sentence can take a polite ending: သည်, ပါ, or ပါသည်. These
endings do not change the meaning. ကြီး, ကြီးသည် and ကြီးပါသည် all mean "is
greater":
Expected output
မှန်
မှန်
မှန်
Notice the print particle. A sentence with an ending (ကြီးသည်) is quoted with ဟု. A
bare verb (ကြီး) is shown with ကို. Which ending sounds natural depends on what comes
next. Natural Zaka gives the rules.
Hands on
- Print whether 7 is less than 9, using
အောက်andငယ်သည်. - Print what is left over when 5 goes into 17, with
ဖြင့်andစားကြွင်း.
Next: Spaces between words.